The historical Maijishan Grottoes, located in Tianshui City, Gansu Province, are one of China’s four major grotto complexes, alongside Dunhuang’s Mogao Caves, Longmen Grottoes, and Yungang Grottoes. They stand as a testament to the rich heritage of Chinese civilization.
The renowned Maijishan Grottoes date back to the Later Qin Dynasty during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. Over the centuries, they have developed a unique artistic style characterized by their sculptures, murals, and architectural elements.
As autumn deepens in October, the vibrancy of the season enhances the timeless charm of the Maijishan Grottoes, which draw many visitors who hike along the cliffside paths to fully immerse themselves in this ancient site and its profound cultural significance.
Reflecting on its artistic legacy, the Maijishan Grottoes are often referred to as the “Eastern Sculpture Gallery,” featuring over 2,200 niches, nearly 3,938 sculptural figures, and countless exquisite murals. Known worldwide for their intricate clay sculptures, they serve as vital resources for the study of sculptural and artistic history.
Ma Qianru, the director of the preservation office at the Maijishan Grottoes Art Research Institute, notes, “With a history of over 1,600 years, the sculptures here showcase the characteristics of sculptural art from various dynasties throughout the millennia, boasting immense artistic value.”
Visitors frequently express awe at the distinctive cultural allure found in the Maijishan Grottoes. Strolling along the winding paths, they often encounter notable smiling figures, such as the innocent little monk in Cave 133. His captivating “Eastern Smile” continues to resonate with many tourists, sparking smiles of their own as they gaze upon his visage.
“The sculptures not only demonstrate high artistic skill but also connect closely with everyday life, making them more relatable for people,” Ma Qianru adds.
Turning to conservation efforts, the lush, rainy environment surrounding Maijishan poses particular challenges for preserving the grottoes. Due to this humidity, the sculptures and murals are susceptible to damage, such as voids, cracks, and efflorescence. Ma’s role involves diagnosing and treating these issues, blending traditional craftsmanship with modern technology under the guiding principle of “restoring authenticity.”
Having dedicated 40 years to the preservation of the Maijishan Grottoes since 1984, Ma has never considered working elsewhere. “For those of us in the preservation field, it’s about dedication,” he reflects. “Over time, I’ve developed a deep emotional connection to this place.”
Restoration requires immense patience and meticulous planning. Ma explains, “Before restoring a specific cave, we need to conduct thorough research that involves assessing the current state, evaluating its significance, and analyzing any damage. Only then can we create a targeted restoration plan.”
In addition to regular maintenance, monitoring is crucial. Ma emphasizes the importance of observing environmental conditions within each grotto, such as temperature and humidity levels, allowing for timely interventions to protect the cultural relics.
On another front, digital technology has opened new avenues for the research and dissemination of Maijishan Grotto art. Sun Yuan, the deputy director of the digital center at the Maijishan Grottoes Art Research Institute, shares, “We initially focused on documentation for display purposes, but now we aim to expand its applications in areas like preservation, artistic replication, cultural heritage research, and promotion of the Maijishan Grottoes.”
In recent years, through a comprehensive range of protective measures—including reinforcement, restoration, moisture control, and biological preservation—the ancient Maijishan Grottoes have once again begun to flourish under the diligent care of numerous conservationists.
Time passes swiftly, yet the Maijishan Grottoes continue to shine brightly, standing resilient through the ages.
